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Load shedding scheme for an interconnected hydro-thermal hybrid system with SMES

D. TYAGI, Ashwani KUMAR, Saurabh CHANANA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 227-236 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0198-6

摘要： The frequency of the power system varies based on the load pattern of the consumers. With continuous increase in the load, the frequency of the system keeps decreasing and may reach its minimum allowable limits. Further increase in the load will result in more frequency drop leading to the need of load shedding, if excess generation is not available to cater the need. This paper proposed a methodology in a hybrid thermal-hydro system for finding the required amount of load to be shed for setting the frequency of the system within its minimum allowable limits. The load shedding steps were obtained based on the rate of change of frequency with the increase in the load in both areas. The impact of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) was obtained on load shedding scheme. The comparison of the results was presented on the two-area system.

关键词： critical load frequency response load shedding multi-area system rate of change of frequency superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device

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A comprehensive review of renewable energy resources for electricity generation in Australia

Alireza HEIDARI, Ali ESMAEEL NEZHAD, Ahmad TAVAKOLI, Navid REZAEI, Foad H. GANDOMAN, Mohammad Reza MIVEH, Abdollah AHMADI, Majid MALEKPOUR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 510-529 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0671-6

摘要： Recently, renewable energy resources and their impacts have sparked a heated debate to resolve the Australian energy crisis. There are many projects launched throughout the country to improve network security and reliability. This paper aims to review the current status of different renewable energy resources along with their impacts on society and the environment. Besides, it provides for the first time the statistics of the documents published in the field of renewable energy in Australia. The statistics include information such as the rate of papers published, possible journals for finding relative paper, types of documents published, top authors, and the most prevalent keywords in the field of renewable energy in Australia. It will focus on solar, wind, biomass, geothermal and hydropower technologies and will investigate the social and environmental impacts of these technologies.

关键词： renewable energy hydro energy wind power photovoltaic geothermal bioenergy

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Investigation of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of compacted expansive clay

Yujun CUI, An Ninh TA, Anh Minh TANG, Yingfa LU,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 154-164 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0019-0

摘要： The hydro-mechanical behaviour of compacted expansive Romainville clay was investigated. The soil was air-dried, crushed, and passed through a 2 mm sieve before being statically compacted to a dry density of 1.35 Mg/m. The mechanical behaviour was investigated by tests in oedometer with controlled suction using the vapor equilibrium technique (suction = 0, 9, 39, and 110 MPa). The vertical stress was applied in the range of 0–800 kPa. The experimental results are shown as follows: 1) wetting-induced swelling was higher at lower vertical stresses; 2) the vertical stress under which no swelling occurred during water flooding was estimated at 60 kPa, which can be considered as the swelling pressure of the soil tested; 3) the soil compressibility (changes of volume upon stress increases) was strongly influenced by the soil suction: the lower the suction, the higher the compressibility. The hydraulic behaviour was investigated using a large-scale infiltration chamber (800 mm × 1000 mm in section and 1000 mm high). The large size of the soil column allowed burying the volumetric water content sensors (ThetaProbe) without significantly affecting the water transfer and the soil swelling during infiltration. The soil suction was monitored along the soil height (every 100 mm) using various relative humidity sensors and psychrometers. In the infiltration test, water was kept on the soil surface and changes in suction and volumetric water content were monitored for 338 d. The wetting front has reached the bottom of the soil column at the end of the test. The data from the simultaneous monitoring of suction and water content were used to determine the water retention curve and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using the instantaneous profile method. It has been observed that the soil water retention curve depends on the soil depth; that is to be related to the soil depth-dependent swelling. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was found to be quite low, comprised between 3 × 10 m/s (at saturated state) and 10 m/s (at about 100 MPa suction).

关键词： Romainville clay suction control oedometer test large infiltration task hydro-mechanical behaviour

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Prediction of hydro-suction dredging depth using data-driven methods

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 652-664 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0719-7

摘要： In this study, data-driven methods (DDMs) including different kinds of group method of data handling (GMDH) hybrid models with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO) methods, and simple equations methods were applied to simulate the maximum hydro-suction dredging depth (h_s). Sixty-seven experiments were conducted under different hydraulic conditions to measure the h_s. Also, 33 data samples from three previous studies were used. The model input variables consisted of pipeline diameter (d), the distance between the pipe inlet and sediment level (Z), the velocity of flow passing through the pipeline (u₀), the water head (H), and the medium size of particles (D₅₀). Data-driven simulation results indicated that the HGSO algorithm accurately trains the GMDH methods better than the PSO algorithm, whereas the PSO algorithm trained simple simulation equations more precisely. Among all used DDMs, the integrative GMDH-HGSO algorithm provided the highest accuracy (RMSE = 7.086 mm). The results also showed that the integrative GMDHs enhance the accuracy of polynomial GMDHs by ~14.65% (based on the RMSE).

关键词： sedimentation water resources dam engineering machine learning heuristic

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Uncertainty assessment in hydro-mechanical-coupled analysis of saturated porous medium applying fuzzy

Farhoud KALATEH, Farideh HOSSEINEJAD

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 387-410 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0601-z

摘要： The purpose of the present study was to develop a fuzzy finite element method, for uncertainty quantification of saturated soil properties on dynamic response of porous media, and also to discrete the coupled dynamic equations known as - hydro-mechanical equations. Input parameters included fuzzy numbers of Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, and permeability coefficient as uncertain material of soil properties. Triangular membership functions were applied to obtain the intervals of input parameters in five membership grades, followed up by a minute examination of the effects of input parameters uncertainty on dynamic behavior of porous media. Calculations were for the optimized combinations of upper and lower bounds of input parameters to reveal soil response including displacement and pore water pressure via fuzzy numbers. Fuzzy analysis procedure was verified, and several numerical examples were analyzed by the developed method, including a dynamic analysis of elastic soil column and elastic foundation under ramp loading. Results indicated that the range of calculated displacements and pore pressure were dependent upon the number of fuzzy parameters and uncertainty of parameters within equations. Moreover, it was revealed that for the input variations looser sands were more sensitive than dense ones.

关键词： fuzzy finite element method saturated soil hydro-mechanical coupled equations coupled analysis uncertainty analysis

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Design of damping valve for vehicle hydro pneumatic suspension

DONG Mingming, HUANG Hua, GU Lian

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 97-100 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0014-5

摘要： According to the design features of a hydro pneumatic spring, the necessity of a separate damping valve is proposed. Based on a 1/4 vehicle linear suspension model, the optimum damping coefficient is worked out and the parameters of the damping valve are determined with the equivalent linearization method. A practical structure of the damping valve is proposed having a small size, high flowrate when the valve opens, and the ability of enduring high back pressure. Based on bench tests, the damping valve has been found to properly work and be suitable. The design method and damping valve structure are useful guides for hydro pneumatic suspension, especially for the design of heavy-duty vehicles.

关键词： ability pneumatic necessity flowrate equivalent linearization

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Hydro-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass over alumina supported Platinum, Mo

Songbo He, Jeffrey Boom, Rolf van der Gaast, K. Seshan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 155-161 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1655-x

摘要： In-line hydro-treatment of bio-oil vapor from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (hydro-pyrolysis of biomass) is studied as a method of upgrading the liquefied bio-oil for a possible precursor to green fuels. The nobel metal (Pt) and non-noble metal catalysts (Mo C and WC) were compared at 500 °C and atmospheric pressure which are same as the reaction conditions for fast pyrolysis of biomass. Results indicated that under the pyrolysis conditions, the major components, such as acids and carbonyls, of the fast pyrolysis bio-oil can be completely and partially hydrogenated to form hydrocarbons, an ideal fossil fuel blend, in the hydro-treated bio-oil. The carbide catalysts perform equally well as the Pt catalyst regarding to the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon formation (ca. 60%), showing the feasibility of using the cheap non-noble catalysts for hydro-pyrolysis of biomass.

关键词： bio-oil pyrolysis hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) non-noble metal catalysts hydro-treatment

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Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

S. Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 409-423 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0431-9

摘要： This paper proposes an optimal dynamic reserve activation plan after the occurrence of an emergency situation (generator/transmission line outage, load increase or both). An optimal plan is developed to handle the emergency, using the coordinated action of fast and slow reserves, for secure operation with minimum overall cost. It considers the reserves supplied by the conventional thermal generators (spinning reserves), hydro power units and load demands (demand-side reserves). The optimal backing down of costly/fast reserves and bringing up of slow reserves in each sub-interval in an integrated manner is proposed. The proposed reserve activation approaches are solved using the genetic algorithm, and some of the simulation results are also compared using the Matlab optimization toolbox and the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) software. The simulation studies are performed on the IEEE 30, 57 and 300 bus test systems. These results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed integrated/dynamic reserve activation plan over the conventional/sequential approach.

关键词： demand-side reserves dynamic reserve activation approach hydro power units post contingency sequential reserve activation approach spinning reserves

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向家坝工程大坝混凝土施工过程动态仿真研究

申明亮,陈立华,陈伟,盛乐民,苏军安

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第6期页码 68-73

摘要：

针对向家坝工程大坝施工特点，系统地分析了混凝土坝施工过程中的各主要因素之间相互联系和制约关系。建立了以塔带机、缆机为主，门塔机、胎带机为辅的组合施工方案浇筑模型，采用计算机跳仓选块的方法，将大坝混凝土施工模拟成果实现动态三维可视化仿真。解决了优化施工程序、施工机械配套及大坝施工工期论证的关键问题。

关键词：向家坝工程施工模拟混凝土施工方案比较

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雅鲁藏布江水能开发

徐大懋,陈传友,梁维燕

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第12期页码 47-52

摘要：

阐述了雅鲁藏布江（以下简称雅江）“大拐弯”处水能开发方案。工程分3期，一期送电东南亚，逐步积累资金；二、三期实现西电东送。雅江工程无需考虑防洪、航运和移民，单位千瓦投资将少于三峡水利工程。雅江工程可实现4个世界之最，不仅对促进西藏和我国的经济可持续发展有巨大战略意义，在国际上也将受到广泛的支持，并产生巨大的影响。主张对工程中存在的困难和问题进行认真的分析和论证，以作出科学的结论。

关键词：雅鲁藏布江水力资源开发投资效益

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Challenges of high dam construction to computational mechanics

ZHANG Chuhan

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 12-33 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0002-6

摘要： The current situations and growing prospects of China s hydro-power development and high dam construction are reviewed, giving emphasis to key issues for safety evaluation of large dams and hydro-power plants, especially those associated with application of state-of-the-art computational mechanics. These include but are not limited to: stress and stability analysis of dam foundations under external loads; earthquake behavior of dam-foundation-reservoir systems, mechanical properties of mass concrete for dams, high velocity flow and energy dissipation for high dams, scientific and technical problems of hydro-power plants and underground structures, and newly developed types of dam-Roll Com pacted Concrete (RCC) dams and Concrete Face Rock-fill (CFR) dams. Some examples demonstrating successful utilizations of computational mechanics in high dam engineering are given, including seismic nonlinear analysis for arch dam foundations, nonlinear fracture analysis of arch dams under reservoir loads, and failure analysis of arch dam-foundations. To make more use of the computational mechanics in high dam engineering, it is pointed out that much research including different computational methods, numerical models and solution schemes, and verifications through experimental tests and filed measurements is necessary in the future.

关键词： reservoir engineering hydro-power development state-of-the-art computational earthquake

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微水头资源开发与发电装置研究现状及趋势

张玉全,郑源,孙科,杨春霞,罗红英

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第3期页码 90-95 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.013

摘要：

我国水能资源丰富，开发水力发电技术是增加可再生能源供应、优化能源结构、缓解环境问题的优先选择。本文着眼于我国丰富的微水头资源，梳理河流、运河、水库、电厂尾水、管道供水、城市废水、海洋新能源等微水头资源需求和应用特点，总结适合开阔流域和封闭流域特点的两型微水头水力发电水轮机，对形成动势能结合型微水头水轮机设计方法和研究其流动特征和机理提供基础。介绍了微水头资源评估和水力发电水轮机研究的趋势，并对今后研究方向提出了建议。

关键词：微水头资源水力发电水轮机开阔流域封闭流域

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三峡工程巨型水轮发电机组设计与实践

邵建雄,刘景旺,袁达夫

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 104-110

摘要：

分析了三峡水轮发电机组设计中必须考虑的主要问题；总结了所进行的关键技术研究；通过关键技术问题研究，使得三峡水轮发电机组参数达到最优化。机组运行结果表明三峡水轮发电机组性能良好，能够长期安全、稳定、高效运行，从而有效地验证了对三峡巨型水轮发电机组的总体技术设计是科学合理的。

关键词：三峡工程 700 MW级水电机组单机容量设计研究运行稳定性实践

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Finite element modeling of thermo-active diaphragm walls

Yi RUI, Mei YIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 646-663 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0584-9

摘要： There are two major challenges faced by modern society: energy security, and lowering carbon dioxide gas emissions. Thermo-active diaphragm walls have a large potential to remedy one of these problems, since they are a renewable energy technology that uses underground infrastructure as a heat exchange medium. However, extensive research is required to determine the effects of cyclic heating and cooling on their geotechnical and structural performance. In this paper, a series of detailed finite element analyses are carried out to capture the fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical response of the ground and diaphragm wall. It is demonstrated that the thermal operation of the diaphragm wall causes changes in soil temperature, thermal expansion/shrinkage of pore water, and total stress applied on the diaphragm wall. These, in turn, cause displacements of the diaphragm wall and variations of the bending moments. However, these effects on the performance of diaphragm wall are not significant. The thermally induced bending strain is mainly governed by the temperature differential and uneven thermal expansion/shrinkage across the wall.

关键词： thermo-active diaphragm wall finite element analysis thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling ground source heat pump

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利卢埃特河上游水电站项目——不列颠哥伦比亚省山区径流式水电项目发电隧洞建设中面临的挑战 Article

Nichole Boultbee, Oliver Robson, Serge Moalli, Rich Humphries

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 260-266 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.09.003

摘要：

利卢埃特河上游水电站项目（ULHP）是一个径流式发电项目，位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省彭伯顿附近，由两个独立的水电设施（HEF）组成，总装机容量为106.7 MW。这些HEF 由利卢埃特河上游电力有限合伙公司和巨石溪电力有限合伙公司拥有，土建和隧洞施工由CRT-EBC 完成。利卢埃特河上游HEF 包括沿利卢埃特河上游河谷开挖约2500 m 长、6 m 宽、5.5 m 高的隧洞。项目位于山区，由于受气候条件的严重限制，且存在敏感的野生动物物种，为了减小环境影响，现场施工受到约束。现场位于米格峰火山杂岩体附近，该火山是加拿大西部最近爆发的活火山。隧洞掘进条件非常具有挑战性，其中一段穿过伴随米格峰火山最近一次爆发（距今2360 年前）形成的沉积层。该隧洞段包含熔结角砾岩和未固结沉积层，由疏松浮石、有机物（代表古老的森林地被物）组成，一直到进入下伏英云闪长岩基岩之前。本段隧洞的施工需要覆盖灌浆、管棚支护，并在开挖时结合使用巷道掘进机、液压锤和钻爆法。本文对项目进行了概述，总结了关键的设计和施工进度难题，并说明了在隧洞通过伴随近代火山活动形成的沉积层时是如何顺利完成开挖的。

关键词：径流式水利工程发电隧洞管棚支护拱棚管火山堆积物浮石巷道掘进机环境限制